• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    Machine (200) and method for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material. The machine (200) comprises two lateral guides (40) with adjustable transverse separation and a pusher (60) of longitudinal plates (P) with adjustable delivery position to center them between a mold (20) with adjustable measures and a male (10) insertable in said mold (20); a pusher member (61) that stops at said delivery position, where it cooperates with a front stop device (46) to limit the longitudinal position of the plate (P); four centering bender members (86, 96), one located below each of the four corner flaps (S) of the flat plate (P) located between male (10) and mold (20), which pivot around axes of rotation (87, 97) mutually parallel; and two pressure members (8) of the tilting core (10) that cooperate with the centering bender members (86, 96) by centering the plate (P) relative to the core (10) and the mold (20). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2834727A1
    申请号:ES201931117
    申请日:2019-12-17
    公开日:2021-06-18
    发明作者:Olmos Telesforo Gónzalez
    申请人:Telesforo Gonzalez Maquinaria SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0006] The present invention is related to a machine for the formation of boxes of different sizes, of the type that centers a plate between a cavity of the mold and a vertically movable male to insert said flat plate down into said cavity, and thus form the box by folding parts of the plate with others. The present invention also addresses a method of forming boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material.
    [0008] Throughout this description, the term "sheet material" is used to designate corrugated cardboard sheet, corrugated plastic sheet, compact cardboard sheet, compact plastic sheet, and similar sheets that have weakened lines to facilitate their formation. boxed by folding around them.
    [0009] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED
    [0011] In the box-forming machines of different sizes described in ES8606124A1, DE3540827A1, FR2581028B1, ES8704799A1 and ES2007712A6, the centering of the plate between a male and a mold where the male is insertable is carried out by means of a horizontal plate conveyor equipped with a pusher with a pusher member operatively connected to a driver. The pusher pushes the plate between two longitudinal side guides, from a receiving position associated with a plate loader, to a delivery position where the plate is vertically centered in a horizontal plane between a core and a mold. Said centering must be with respect to a longitudinal direction and a direction transverse to the transport direction. Likewise, the mold has bending elements, which delimit a mold cavity of width and length adaptable to the corresponding measurements with the base of the flat plate positioned on said mold. After said centering, said male descends vertically in a tight manner in said cavity pushing the base of the flat plate, previously centered in the lateral guides on the mold cavity, to bend some parts of it with others forming a box.
    [0013] If the flat plate is not centered with respect to the cavity to be inserted, the plate is destroyed by the action of the male against the mold, preventing the subsequent formation of the box, which translates into continuous machine shutdowns, a drastic reduction in machine productivity, and unacceptable sheet losses.
    [0015] For the correct centering of plates of different sizes in a horizontal plane located between the male and the mold, in the machines of ES086124A1, ES8704799A1 and ES2007712A6, the lateral longitudinal guides for transporting the plate are adjustable separation by means of transverse spindles to the direction of rotation. plate transport.
    [0017] Document ES2007712A6 discloses L-shaped side guides, each with a horizontal portion where the plates slide, and a vertical wall that prevents the plates from making unwanted transverse oscillations perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of transport, which affects the centering of the plates. The iron. To safely and precisely position the plate between the core and the mold transversely, the pusher assembly has a plurality of bearings that slide along guides parallel to the longitudinal lateral guides.
    [0019] In ES8606124A1, ES8704799A1, and ES2007712A6 the plate is pushed longitudinally by the pusher member along the side guides during a first run. However, it is not pushed a second considerable stretch, on the order of tens of centimeters, before reaching the delivery position centered between core and mold. In this second section, the plate is not pushed but thrown longitudinally, losing contact with the pusher. This launch is intrinsic to the aforementioned machines since they must longitudinally transport plates of different sizes until they are always centered with respect to the same structural longitudinal point of the mold.
    [0021] This launching of the plate does not ensure its centering between the core and the mold according to said longitudinal and transverse transport directions placed in said second section, there may be foreign bodies, such as remains of glue and / or cardboard scraps, which slow down the plate and prevent its centered. Also, the lateral guides may have been loosely adjusted so that the thrown plate would exceed its centered position, even returning to a non-centered longitudinal position after having collided with some fixed part of the machine. Likewise, the lateral guides may have been tightly adjusted so that the plate would not advance to its central longitudinal position.
    [0022] This problem of plate launching can be mitigated by also considering documents ES2222774B1, EP2524883B1 and ES2644329T3 that disclose solutions in box-forming machines to regulate the position of the pushers to the different plate sizes, using means that move the delivery position closer to or further away. of the pusher member along the longitudinal direction relative to the machine chassis to longitudinally center the plate over the mold cavity and below the core.
    [0024] However, throwing the plank is still a vastly widespread practice. The plate is launched in the last section, of the order of tens of millimeters, just before reaching the delivery position centered between the core and the mold, resulting in an equally defective centering that prevents the subsequent formation of boxes.
    [0026] This launch is still carried out to allow higher production speeds required by the market, since, when launching the plate, a sufficient hollow longitudinal distance is created between the pusher member and the flat plate centered on the mold so that the pusher member can follow advancing to the receiving position to start a next forming cycle without having to wait for the core to insert the plate of the current cycle into the mold.
    [0028] Therefore, the centering continues to be defective, and also at higher production speeds, greater oscillations that lead to more production stops, a greater reduction in machine productivity, and a greater amount of wasted plates.
    [0030] The aforementioned document ES2644329T3 discloses a forming machine with a pusher where the pusher member is moved by an endless chain suspended between two pinions, one associated with the receiving position and the other with the delivery position. The motive part of the conveyor is a motor with a vertically movable reducer to maintain the tension in the chain under its own weight. Said driving member also includes a clutch that joins or separates the output shaft of the motor and reducer with a traction sprocket of the endless chain. The clutch transmits the movement to a larger toothed wheel and to an encoder driven by said larger wheel so as not to lose the relationship between the encoder and the pusher member. In addition, the clutch disengages (separates) the endless chain from the driver in the event of chain snags to avoid breaking conveyor components.
    [0032] However, none of the documents addresses the problem related to undesired oscillations or displacements of the plate in the mutually perpendicular, longitudinal and transverse horizontal directions, which deteriorate its centering, especially when the plate is located between the core and the mold.
    [0033] The technical problem to be solved is to obtain a machine for forming boxes of different sizes that ensures the centering of the plate between the male and the mold just before being introduced into the cavity, in two mutually perpendicular horizontal longitudinal and transverse directions, even for high speeds, to enable the subsequent formation of the box, and thus avoid productive stoppages, poor machine productivity, and plate wastage.
    [0035] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0037] In order to overcome the drawbacks set forth in the previous section, the present invention presents, according to a first aspect, a machine for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material.
    [0039] Said machine comprises a chassis and a conveyor supported on said chassis. Said conveyor is configured to horizontally transport said plates one by one in a longitudinal direction from a receiving position to a delivery position in a box forming station.
    [0041] Said conveyor comprises two lateral guides aligned according to said horizontal longitudinal direction of transport, and mutually separated by an adjustable transverse distance according to a horizontal transverse direction perpendicular to said longitudinal direction.
    [0043] Likewise, said conveyor comprises a lateral guide regulation device connected to said lateral guides to regulate said transverse distance between them. With this, the plate is centered transversely with respect to said lateral guides.
    [0045] Likewise, said carrier comprises a pusher aligned with the longitudinal direction provided with a proximal end and a distal end. The pusher has a pusher member movable by a driver operatively connected to an encoder. Said pusher member is configured to longitudinally push the plates from its rear part between said lateral guides from said receiving position associated with said proximal end towards said delivery position associated with said distal end. The encoder identifies the receiving and delivery positions and is configured to send a signal for the advance and stop of the pusher member.
    [0046] Also, said conveyor comprises a pusher regulating device configured to regulate the position of the distal end of the pusher and said associated delivery position along said longitudinal direction with respect to a fixed part of the chassis. With this the plate is centered longitudinally with respect to the lateral guides.
    [0048] In one option, the pusher adjusting device regulates both the position of the distal end and the position of the proximal end integrally along said longitudinal direction with respect to a fixed part of the chassis.
    [0050] In another option, the pusher regulating device regulates the position of the distal end along said longitudinal direction with respect to a fixed part of the chassis while the position of the proximal end is kept fixed.
    [0052] Said machine also comprises a box forming station supported on said chassis. Said box forming station comprises a plug actuator operatively connected to move a plug guided in the vertical direction, a plug and a mold.
    [0054] Said core comprises a central core, four pressure members arranged around the central core facing two by two, and each one of them provided with a lower end configured to press the base of the plate in use. Said tap also comprises four corner members each located in correspondence with four corners of a cavity of a mold to push four corner areas of the plate base.
    [0056] Said mold is located below the side guides. The mold comprises four bender assemblies facing each other in pairs, two on each side according to said longitudinal direction, and located in corresponding corners of the box to be formed, the separation between said pairs being adjustable according to said longitudinal and transverse directions.
    [0058] Also, said mold comprises a cavity around which the bender assemblies are located, delimiting in plan a rectangle with four sides complementary to the base of the box, where the male is configured to insert the plate previously centered by the conveyor between the male. and the mold according to the vertical and thus fold and join some portions of the plate with others to form a box.
    [0059] According to this first aspect, the present invention further proposes, in a way per se not known from the existing state of the art, a series of elements and characteristics that are listed below.
    [0061] In such a machine the pusher member is configured to push the plate from its rear to the delivery position.
    [0063] In said machine the pusher member is configured to stop in its delivery position, during a stretch of the guided movement of the core from a raised vertical position to an intermediate vertical position where it contacts the plate, to limit the position of the rear part of the the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides according to said longitudinal direction.
    [0065] Said machine comprises a front stop device supported on the chassis configured to limit the position of the front part of the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides according to said longitudinal direction.
    [0067] Said machine comprises four centering benders, configured to be one located below each of the four corner flaps of the flat plate located between the male and the mold, supported on the chassis, and located vertically below the male and above the cavity.
    [0069] Each centering bender is provided with a movable centering bender member mounted so that it can pivot about a horizontal axis of rotation between an essentially horizontal position and an essentially upright position.
    [0071] Also, each centering bender member in said horizontal position is positioned in a level or raised vertical position relative to the top of the bender assemblies.
    [0073] Said four horizontal axes of rotation are parallel to each other and the four centering bender members can pivot to center the base of the plate with respect to the core and the mold according to said longitudinal or transverse direction just before being inserted into the cavity.
    [0075] In the machine two of said pressing members facing each other on two opposite sides of the central core are tiltable around respective horizontal tilting axes, parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the horizontal axes of rotation. Said lower ends are configured to be positioned adjacent to two opposite fold lines of the base of the plate during the pressing of the plates. pressure members on said plate, and thus centering the base of the plate with respect to the core and the mold according to said direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation.
    [0077] This avoids problems related to the centering of the plate. The invention proposes a double centering of the plate, first centering the plate with respect to the lateral guides according to mutually perpendicular transverse and longitudinal directions, and performing a second centering of the plate with respect to the core and the mold just before being inserted into the cavity according to said transverse and longitudinal directions.
    [0079] In the first centering, the configuration of the pusher member and the front stop device contribute to the stabilization and centering of the plate on the lateral guides against unwanted oscillations.
    [0081] In the second centering, the pivoting centering benders and the tilting tap pressure members contribute to the centering of the plate relative to the core and the mold just before the plate is inserted into the cavity, thereby ensuring correct subsequent part bends. of the box inside the cavity, such as side walls and corner braces.
    [0083] The second centering absorbs the offset from the first centering by the conveyor. Therefore, the machine centers the plates between the core and the mold appropriately regardless of a defective centering of the conveyor, either due to tolerances inherent to the assembly of the elements of the machine, or a centering of the plate in the cardboard guides by part of the user that causes oscillations or displacements of the flat plate located between the male and the mold.
    [0085] Preferably, in said machine, the pusher member in its delivery position is configured to limit the elevation of the rear part of the flat plate located between the core and the mold before the movement of the four centering bender members.
    [0087] Complementarily, the front stop device has an upper member configured to be operatively above the front part of the flat plate located between the core and the mold.
    [0089] Optionally, said machine comprises two of said front stop devices, one on each side according to said longitudinal direction, wherein each front stop device comprises a support piece supported on the chassis, and an end piece attached to the upper member capable of being positioned with respect to the support piece in a desired position according to said transverse direction by means of a transverse adjustment device.
    [0091] Preferably, said machine also comprises lateral stops, one on each side according to said longitudinal direction, supported on the chassis, configured to be operatively above some lateral parts of the flat plate located between the core and the mold, and thus limit the elevation of said sides of the plate before the movement of the four centering bender members.
    [0093] Optionally, said side stops are fixed on the side guides in a desired position along said longitudinal direction by means of a longitudinal adjustment device that fixes and releases said side stops with respect to their side guide, and said front stops are fixed on the side guides in a desired position along said longitudinal direction by means of a second longitudinal adjustment device that fixes and releases said lateral stops with respect to their lateral guide.
    [0095] Preferably, said driving member is a servomotor provided with an output shaft in which said encoder is coaxially coupled, and a reducer coupled to said output shaft. The reducer is operatively connected to an endless flexible transmission element where the pusher member is attached. Examples of flexible transmission elements are chains, belts, etc.
    [0097] Optionally, magnets integrally attached to the output shaft and a winding arranged around the magnets that form an integral part of the servomotor immobilize the pusher member in its stop in the delivery position to limit oscillations on the plate located between the core and the mold. .
    [0099] Thus, by using a servomotor as a driving member, the braking distance of the pusher member is considerably reduced, since it has a relatively low inertia mainly associated with its relatively low-mass output shaft, which increases the precision in the longitudinal positioning of the plate in the delivery position.
    [0101] However, by means of the forming machines with motive organs mentioned in the state of the art, despite the fact that the clutch allows transmitting the movement to the pusher member, it continues to be moved by the motive assembly for a considerable section of the order of millimeters until it stops. This happens because it is a drive with a relatively high moving mass with relatively high inertia, made up of a motor, a reducer, a clutch and also a plurality of toothed wheels, which, until they come to a complete stop, need more time and a greater distance of braking which produces an unwanted longitudinal advance of the plate.
    [0103] Even in the case of a motor element formed by a motor, a reducer, and a frequency variator, such a considerable reduction in the oscillations of the plate for its centering cannot be achieved, compared to the solution proposed here by means of a servomotor.
    [0105] Preferably, in the machine, the pusher comprises an endless flexible transmission element in which two pusher members are joined separated by an operating distance to be able to push each of them one consecutive plate to another in two consecutive box formation cycles.
    [0107] Thus, the machine with said pusher on the conveyor allows a correct centering of the plate on the core and the mold, without resorting to launching the plate by means of the pusher, and being able to maintain a high production speed.
    [0108] Preferably, in said machine, the mold has four corner benders associated with it, one associated with each of the four corners of the cavity. Each corner bender comprises a corner actuator configured to rotate a rotation shaft vertically or at an inclination with respect to the vertical, said rotation shaft being configured to move a bending piece between an initial position adjacent to a corner of the cavity and a final position inside a corner of the cavity.
    [0110] Also in this preferred option, in the machine each of the corner members of the core has a horizontal portion and a vertical portion and is supported on the central core. Each vertical portion is configured to be adjacent to the bending piece in its final position within one corner of the cavity once the core is inserted into the mold.
    [0112] Said push pieces and vertical portions cooperate with the plate previously centered with respect to the core and the mold to form prismatic triangular corner reinforcements in the box from flat corner flaps within the cavity, where each push piece bends each flap initially. flat around each vertical portion, hugging it, thus allowing said corner braces to be square with respect to the base and side walls.
    [0114] Since the formation of the corner reinforcements is carried out entirely immediately after the centering of the plate between the core and the mold in the box-forming station, the box obtained is correctly squared in said corner reinforcements.
    [0115] In the state of the art, the boxes obtained with forming machines with two forming stations, where the corner flaps are partially bent on the plate itself during the transport of the plate along the lateral guides, the unwanted transverse oscillations and Longitudinal lines due to the transport or the folding of these corner flaps can cause the corner reinforcements partially formed on the plate to be off-center with respect to the base and the side walls. Thus, subsequently, the completely formed corner reinforcements in the second forming station equipped with facing core and mold are left with an undesired vertical inclination with respect to the base and / or the side walls. This formed box is defective and unusable because it cannot be stacked one on top of the other. In other cycles, the machine even comes to a productive stop due to a jam or jamming of the plate due to a faulty centering.
    [0117] Preferably, the lateral guide adjusting device comprises a front spindle and a rear spindle, both with a portion of their length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, aligned according to the transverse direction, and rotatably supported on the chassis. The front spindle connects the front part of one transport guide with the other according to the transport direction, and the rear spindle connects the rear part of one transport guide with the other.
    [0119] In this preferred option, the mold comprises a first pair of spindles, each one with a portion of its length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, mutually parallel that regulate the separation distance between pairs of bender sets according to said longitudinal direction. . The mold also comprises a second pair of spindles, each with a portion of its length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, mutually parallel and perpendicular to the first pair of spindles that regulate the separation distance between pairs of bender sets. according to said transverse direction.
    [0121] The front and rear spindles help to center the plate in the lateral guides with respect to the chassis by opening and / or closing equal distances and with adequate precision on both sides of the transverse direction.
    [0123] The first and second pairs of spindles help to adapt the measurements of the rectangular cavity to the different base measurements of the boxes with respect to the male and chassis by opening and / or closing equal distances and with adequate precision in both longitudinal and transverse directions.
    [0124] Preferably, in the machine, the pusher comprises a pusher structure supported on the chassis and at the proximal end of which a first transverse axis is mounted, a movable structure mounted in a guided manner relative to the pusher structure according to said longitudinal direction and at the distal end of which there is mounted a second transverse shaft, a flexible transmission element operatively connected to said first and second transverse axes and where the pusher member is attached, a spring connecting said pusher structure with said movable structure, and a detector configured to detect the presence or absence of forces in said longitudinal direction with the variation of the length of said spring.
    [0126] With this, it is possible to detect a hooking of the chain that causes a significant wear of the flexible transmission element, in order to maintain the precision with which the pusher positions the plate in the delivery position centered between the core and the mold.
    [0128] To overcome the drawbacks set forth in the previous section, the present invention presents, according to a second aspect, a method for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material.
    [0130] The method comprises the step a) of centering a plate in a horizontal plane located below a core and above a four-sided rectangular cavity belonging to a mold of a box-forming station, said core being insertable in said mold in a guided manner according to the vertical, comprising the steps of:
    [0132] b) regulating the transverse separation distance of two lateral guides, which extend above the cavity and are aligned according to a horizontal longitudinal direction of transport, to center the plate transversely according to a horizontal transverse direction perpendicular to said longitudinal direction with respect to said side guides;
    [0134] c) horizontally transporting said plates one by one according to a longitudinal direction from a receiving position to a delivery position in said forming station under said core and over said cavity;
    [0136] d) regulating the delivery position of the conveyor along said longitudinal direction with respect to a fixed part of the chassis, to longitudinally center the plate on the lateral guides under said tap and on said cavity; Y e) regulating the spacing between pairs of bender assemblies belonging to the mold according to said longitudinal and transverse direction to adapt said cavity to the base of the plate.
    [0138] According to this second aspect, the present invention further proposes, in a way per se not known from the existing state of the art, a series of steps and characteristics that are listed below.
    [0140] In said method, said step a) further comprises the steps of:
    [0142] f) pushing the plate from its rear according to the transport direction to the delivery position by means of a pusher member of the conveyor;
    [0144] g) limiting the position of the rear part of the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides according to said longitudinal direction by stopping the pusher member during a segment of the guided movement of the male from a vertical raised position to an intermediate vertical position where it contacts the iron; Y
    [0146] h) limiting the position of the front part of the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides according to said longitudinal direction by means of a front stop device.
    [0148] Said method also comprises step i) of centering the base of the plate with respect to the core and the mold just before being introduced into the cavity, by means of the steps of:
    [0150] j) pivoting four centering bender members, about a respective horizontal axis of rotation, between an essentially horizontal position and an essentially upright position, each centering bender member being located below each of the four corner flaps of the flat plate a form located between the core and the mold, and positioned in a level or elevated vertical position with respect to the upper part of the bender assemblies, so that said horizontal rotation axes are parallel to each other and pre-bend the plate by four weakened lines mutually parallel to center the base according to said horizontal longitudinal or transverse direction aligned with the axes of rotation; Y
    [0152] k) tilting two pressure members, facing each other on two opposite sides of a central core of the male and provided with respective lower ends, around respective horizontal tilting axes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the horizontal rotation axes, said lower ends being configured to be positioned adjacent to two opposite fold lines of the base of the plate during the pressure of the pressure members on said plate , to center said base according to a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation.
    [0154] Preferably, said method further comprises the steps of:
    [0156] l) limiting the elevation of the rear part of the flat plate located between the core and the mold before the movement of the four centering bender members by means of the pusher member;
    [0158] m) limiting the elevation of said front part of the plate before the movement of the four centering bender members by means of two front stop devices provided with an upper member each one that remain operatively above the front part of the flat plate located between the male and the mold; Y
    [0160] n) positioning, in each of the front stop devices, an end piece attached to an upper member that is operatively above the front part of the flat plate located between the core and the mold in a desired position according to said transverse direction by means of a transverse adjustment device.
    [0162] Also preferably, in said method, stopping of the pusher member in step g) is effected by immobilizing the pusher member in the delivery position to limit oscillations on the plate located between the core and the mold.
    [0164] Preferably, the method of this second aspect of the invention can be carried out by the machine for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material of the first aspect of the invention.
    [0166] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0168] To complement the description that is being made of the object of the invention and to help a better understanding of the characteristics that distinguish it, the present specification is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, by a set of plans, in which that with an illustrative and non-limiting character the following has been represented:
    [0169] Fig. 1 shows a top perspective view of the machine of the present invention according to a first embodiment, where a flat plate located between the male and the mold in the delivery position has been represented;
    [0171] Fig. 2 is a view of Fig. 1 where the chassis of the machine has been omitted for clarity, and where a detail V is indicated;
    [0173] Fig. 3 is the detail view V indicated in Fig. 2;
    [0175] Fig. 4 is a top perspective view of the core and mold of the machine of the present invention, showing a flat plate located between the core and the mold in the delivery position;
    [0177] Fig. 5 is a plan view of Fig. 4 where the flat plate has been omitted;
    [0178] Fig. 6 is a top perspective view of the pusher, and an auxiliary view showing the servomotor and a partial section of some elements that form part of the motive member;
    [0180] Fig. 7 is a top perspective view of the four bender assemblies of the mold of Figs. 1 to 3, and of a plate at a time prior to its positioning in the delivery position;
    [0182] Fig. 8 is a top perspective view of the bender assemblies of Fig. 7, wherein the plate is in the delivery position just prior to being inserted into the mold cavity, and the centering bender members are essentially in position. upright;
    [0184] Figs. 9 and 10 are side perspective views of a corner assembly according to a second embodiment of the machine, wherein the centering bender member is essentially horizontal and essentially upright, respectively;
    [0186] Fig. 11 is a top perspective view of four bender assemblies according to a third embodiment of the machine, wherein the plate is in the delivery position just before being inserted into the cavity, and the centering bender members are in essentially position upright;
    [0188] Fig. 12 is the view of Fig. 11 at a later time, where the plate is being pushed into the cavity;
    [0190] Fig. 13 is a cut-away top perspective view of some elements of the machine according to a fourth embodiment, and where a detail VI is indicated;
    [0191] Fig. 14 is the detail view VI of Fig. 13;
    [0193] Fig. 15 is a view of a corner bender associated with the mold; Y
    [0195] Fig. 16 is a top perspective view of a box with a rectangular base and prismatic-triangular corner braces.
    [0197] DETAILED EXHIBITION OF IMPLEMENTATION MODES / EXAMPLES
    [0199] According to a first aspect of the present invention, Fig. 1 shows a machine (200) for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets (P) of laminar material according to a first embodiment.
    [0201] In Figures 3, 4, 7 and 8, said plates (P) comprise a rectangular base (PF) provided with four weakened lines, a side panel (PL) attached to each weakened line, and attached corner flaps (S) at both ends of two opposite wall panels by weakened lines (L1). In the formed box (B) of Fig. 16, the wall panels (PL) form respective side walls of the box (B) and the corner flaps (S) respective corner stiffeners (R).
    [0203] Figs. 1 to 3 and 6 show that said machine (200) comprises a chassis (1) and a conveyor supported on said chassis (1). Said conveyor is configured to horizontally transport said plates (P) one by one according to a longitudinal direction (X) from a receiving position to a delivery position in a box forming station.
    [0205] Said conveyor comprises two lateral guides (40) aligned according to said horizontal longitudinal direction (X) of transport, and mutually separated by an adjustable transverse distance (D) according to a horizontal transverse direction (Y) perpendicular to said longitudinal direction (X). Said side guides (40) are L-shaped, each with a horizontal portion (41) where the plates (P) slide, and a vertical wall (42) that prevents the plates (P) from making unwanted transverse oscillations.
    [0207] Likewise, said conveyor comprises a lateral guide regulation device connected to said lateral guides (40) to regulate said transverse distance (D) between them. With this, the plate (P) is centered transversely with respect to said lateral guides (40).
    [0209] Following in Figs. 1 to 3 and 6 it is observed that said carrier comprises a pusher (60) aligned with the longitudinal direction (X) and provided with a proximal end and a distal end. The pusher (60) has a pusher member (61) movable by a motive member (62) operatively connected to an encoder (63). Said pusher member (61) is configured to longitudinally push the plates (P) from their rear part, corresponding to a side panel (PL), between said side guides (40) from said receiving position associated with said proximal end towards said position delivery associated with said distal end. The encoder (63) identifies the receiving and delivery positions and is configured to send a signal for the advance and stop of the pusher member (61).
    [0211] Said conveyor comprises a pusher adjustment device configured to regulate the position of the distal end of the pusher (60) and said associated delivery position along said longitudinal direction (X) with respect to a fixed part of the chassis (1). With this, the plate (P) is centered longitudinally with respect to the lateral guides (40).
    [0213] Figs. 1 to 5 show that said machine (200) also comprises a box forming station supported on said chassis (1). Said box forming station comprises a plug actuator (2), a plug (10) and a mold (20). The male actuator (2) is embodied in a motor (2) operatively connected to a crank (4), hingedly connected to a connecting rod (3), to move said male (10) guided in the vertical direction.
    [0215] Said male (10) comprises a central core (12), four pressure members (9, 8) arranged around the central core (12) facing two by two, and each provided with a lower end (9a, 8a) configured to press in use the base (PF) of the iron (P). Said male (10) also comprises four corner members (11) each located in correspondence with four corners of a cavity (22) of a mold (20) to push four corner areas of the base (PF) of the iron (P).
    [0217] Following in Figs. 1 to 5 it is observed that said mold (20) is located below the lateral guides (40). The mold (20) comprises four bender assemblies (21) facing each other in pairs, two on each side according to said longitudinal direction (X), and located in corresponding corners of the box to be formed, the separation between said pairs being adjustable according to said longitudinal directions (X) and transversal (Y).
    [0218] Also, said mold (20) comprises a cavity (22) around which the bender assemblies (21) are located, delimiting in plan a four-sided rectangle (shown in Fig. 4) complementary to the base of the box, in where the male (10) is configured to insert the plate previously centered by the conveyor between the male (10) and the mold (20) according to the vertical and thus bend and join some portions of the plate with others to form a box.
    [0220] In said machine (200) the pusher member (61) is configured to push the plate (P) through its rear part, corresponding to a side panel (PL), to the delivery position shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
    [0222] In said machine (200) the pusher member (61) is configured to stop in its delivery position of Figs. 1 to 3, during a section of the guided movement of the male (10) from a raised vertical position (Figs. 1 to 3) to an intermediate vertical position where it contacts the plate (not shown), to limit the position of the part back of the plate (P), corresponding to a side panel (PL), in its delivery position with respect to the side guides (40) according to said longitudinal direction (X).
    [0224] Figs. 1 to 3 show that said machine (200) comprises two front stop devices (46), supported on the chassis (1), configured to limit the position of the front part of the plate (P) in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides (40) according to said longitudinal direction (X).
    [0226] Figs. 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 show that said machine (200) comprises four centering benders (85, 95, 100), configured to be one located below each of the four corner flaps (S) of the plate (P) flat located between the male (10) and the mold (20), supported in the corner assemblies (21) and indirectly supported on the chassis (1), and located vertically below the male (10) and above the cavity (22).
    [0228] Each centering bender (85, 95, 100) is provided with a movable centering bender member (86, 96) mounted so that it can pivot about a horizontal axis of rotation (87, 97) parallel to the transverse direction (Y) between an essentially horizontal position of Figs. 3, 4, and 7 an essentially upright position of Fig. 8.
    [0230] Fig. 7 shows that each centering bender member (86, 96) in said horizontal position is positioned in an elevated vertical position relative to the top of the bender assemblies (21). In Fig. 7, each bender assembly (21) comprises first and second benders (34, 35) mutually squared with sloping and / or curved upper portions to bend the side walls of the slab (P).
    [0231] Figs. 7 and 8 show that said four horizontal axes of rotation (87, 97) are parallel to each other and parallel to the transverse direction (Y). Thus, said four axes of rotation (87, 97) can pivot the four centering bender members (86, 96) to center the base of the plate with respect to the core (10) and the mold (20) according to said longitudinal direction (X) just before being introduced into the cavity (22).
    [0233] Fig. 8 show that said horizontal rotation axes (87, 97) are parallel to each other and pre-bend the plate (P) by four horizontal weakened lines (L1), mutually parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (X), to center the base (PF) according to said horizontal longitudinal direction (X) aligned with the rotation axes (87).
    [0234] Returning to Figs. 3 to 5, it is observed that in the machine (200), two of said pressure members (8) facing each other on two opposite sides of the central core (12) are tiltable around respective horizontal tilting axes (7). Said tilting axes (7) are parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the horizontal axes of rotation (87, 97) of Fig. 7. In Figs. 3 to 5, said lower ends (8a) are configured to be positioned adjacent to two opposite bending lines of the base (PF) of the plate (P) during the pressure of the pressure members (8) on said plate (P). Thus, it is possible to center the base (PF) of the plate (P) with respect to the male (10) and the mold (20) according to said direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation (87, 97), corresponding in this specific embodiment with the cross direction (Y).
    [0235] Fig. 3 shows that in said machine (200), the pusher (60) positions the pusher member (61) in its delivery position with its front vertically. The pusher member (61) is provided with an upper protrusion to limit the elevation of the rear part of the flat plate (P) located between the male (10) and the mold (20) before the movement of the four centering bender members ( 86, 96) to its upright position in Fig. 8.
    [0237] Alternatively, the pusher (60) positions the pusher member (61) in its delivery position with its front sloped (not shown) to be said front operatively above the rear of the plate (P), corresponding to a side panel (PL) and thus limit its elevation.
    [0239] Each front stop device (46) has an upper member (49) configured to operatively lie above the front of the flat plate (P) located between the core (10) and the mold (20).
    [0241] Said two front stop devices (46) are located one on each side according to said longitudinal direction (X). Each front stop device (46) comprises a support piece (47) supported on a lateral guide (40) and indirectly supported on the chassis (1), and an end piece (48) integrally attached to the upper member (49). The end piece (48) is capable of being positioned with respect to the support piece (47) in a desired position according to said transverse direction (Y) by means of a transverse adjustment device (50, 51), which comprises an elongated hole (50) aligned with the transverse direction (Y) and two screws (51) that lock and release the end piece (48) with respect to the support piece (47) along the elongated hole (50).
    [0242] In Fig. 3, said machine (200) further comprises four lateral stops (52), two on each side according to said longitudinal direction (X), supported on the chassis (1), configured to be operatively above some lateral parts (PL) of the flat plate (P) that rest on the lateral guides (40), said plate (P) being located between the male (10) and the mold (20), and thus limit the elevation of said sides of the plate (P) before the movement of the four centering bender members (86, 96).
    [0244] In this first embodiment, the side stops (52) are fixed in pairs on the side guides (40) in a desired position along said longitudinal direction (X) by means of a longitudinal adjustment device (54, 55) that fixes and releases said side stops (52) with respect to their side guide (40). Therefore, the side stops (52) are indirectly supported on the chassis (1). Each longitudinal adjustment device (54, 55) comprises a slot (55) aligned with the longitudinal direction (X) made in the lateral guides (40) and some screws (54) that fix and release each lateral stop (52) to said side guides (40). The lateral stops (52) are adjustable in position according to the vertical by means of two second elongated holes (53) aligned with the vertical and made in each lateral stop (52) and fixable and releasable in use to a corresponding lateral guide (40) by means of said screws (54).
    [0246] Said front stops (46) are fixed on the side guides (40) in a desired position along said longitudinal direction (X) by means of a second longitudinal adjustment device (56, 57) that fixes and releases said side stops (52 ) with respect to its lateral guide (40). Each second longitudinal adjustment device (56, 57) comprises a recess (56) made in each support piece (47) that engages in a guided manner in its corresponding lateral guide (40), and adjusting screws (57) that fix and they release each front stop (46) with respect to its lateral guide (40).
    [0248] Figs. 1 to 3 and 6 show that said driving member (62) is a servomotor (64) provided with an output shaft (65) in which said encoder (63) is coaxially coupled, and a reducer (66) coupled to said shaft outlet (65). The reducer (66) It is operatively connected to an endless flexible transmission element (67) materialized in a chain of links in which two pusher members (61) separated by an operative distance are joined to be able to push each one of them a consecutive plate to another in two cycles of consecutive cash formation.
    [0249] Fig. 6 shows magnets (68) integrally attached to the output shaft (65) and a winding (69) arranged around the magnets (68) that form an integral part of the servomotor (64) immobilize the pusher member (61) in its stop in the delivery position to limit oscillations on the plate located between the core (10) and the mold (20).
    [0251] Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8 and 15 show that the mold (20) has associated four corner benders (36), one associated with each of the four corners of the cavity (22). Each corner bender (36) comprises a corner actuator (37) configured to rotate a vertical turning shaft (38). Said turning shaft (38) is configured to move a bending piece (39) between an initial position adjacent to a corner of the cavity (22) shown in Figs. 5 and 7 and an end position (not shown) within a corner of the cavity (22).
    [0253] Figs. 3 to 5 show that, in the machine (200), each of the corner members (11) of the core (10) are terminal angles with a horizontal portion and a vertical portion and is supported on the central core (12). Each vertical portion is configured to be adjacent to the bending piece (39) in its final position (not shown) within a corner of the cavity (22) once the core (10) is inserted into the mold (20 ).
    [0255] Figs. 3 to 5, 15 and 16 show that said thrust pieces (39) and vertical portions cooperate with the plate (P) previously centered with respect to the male (10) and the mold (20) to form prismatic corner reinforcements (R). triangles in the box (B) from flat corner flaps (S) inside the cavity (22), where each push piece (39) bends each flap (S) around each vertical portion, hugging it, thus allowing that said corner reinforcements (R) are squared with respect to the base (PF) and the side walls. In Fig. 16 the prismatic-triangular corner braces (R) have three consecutive flaps (S1, S2, S3) separated by consecutive fold lines.
    [0257] The union of some parts of the box (B) of Fig. 16 with others is obtained by applying an adhesive on parts of the plate (P) during its longitudinal transport between the reception and delivery position.
    [0258] Figs. 1 and 2 show that the lateral guide adjustment device comprises a front spindle (43), an intermediate spindle (45) and a rear spindle (44), all of them with a portion of their length threaded to the left and the other half threaded. clockwise, aligned according to the transverse direction (Y), and rotatably supported on the chassis (1). The front spindle (43) connects the front part, according to the transport direction, of a transport guide (40) with the other, the intermediate spindle (45) connects the intermediate part of a transport guide (40) with the other , and the rear spindle (44) joins the rear part of one transport guide (40) with the other.
    [0260] Figs. 2, 4 and 5 show that the mold (20) comprises a first pair of spindles (24), each with a portion of its length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, mutually parallel that regulate the separation distance between pairs of bender sets (21) according to said longitudinal direction (X); and a second pair of screws (27), each with a portion of its length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, mutually parallel and perpendicular to the first pair of screws (24) that regulate the separation distance between pairs of bender sets (21) according to said transverse direction (Y).
    [0262] Figs. 4 and 5 show that in the mold (20), said first and second pair of spindles (24, 27) are rotatably coupled to respective first and second carriage nuts (25, 28) and guided in a guided manner to guide bridges ( 23) longitudinal and elongated bars (26) transverse. By individually rotating each of the spindles (24), the separation distance between pairs of bender assemblies (21) mounted on the same guide bridge (23) according to said longitudinal direction (X) is regulated, sliding main supports (29) that support the bender assemblies (21) along the guide bridges (23). Turning a spindle (27) regulates the separation distance between pairs of bender sets (21) mounted on both guide bridges (23) according to said transverse direction (Y), since the spindles (27) are linked by a chain ( 31) connecting respective pinions (32) coupled to each spindle (27).
    [0264] Figs. 1 to 3 and 6 show that in the machine (200), the pusher (60) comprises a pusher structure (72) mounted on a pair of longitudinal bars (70) supported on the chassis (1). Mounted at the proximal end of the pusher structure (72) is a first transverse shaft (75) coaxial with a receiving pinion.
    [0266] The pusher (60) also comprises a movable structure (73) mounted in a guided manner with respect to the pusher structure (72) according to said longitudinal direction (X) and A second transverse shaft (74) coaxial with a delivery pinion is mounted at the distal end.
    [0268] Said pusher (60) comprises an endless flexible transmission element (67) of the link chain type operatively connected to said first and second transverse shafts (74, 75) and said receiving and delivery pinions, and wherein said two members are joined pushers (61).
    [0270] Said pusher (60) comprises a spring (77) that connects said pusher structure (72) with said movable structure (73), and a detector (79) configured to detect the presence or absence of forces according to said longitudinal direction (X) with the variation of the length of said spring (77).
    [0272] In Fig. 6, the movable structure (73) has attached an extension (78) arranged parallel to the spring (77) configured so that upon compression of the spring (77), said extension occupies the detection zone of the detector (79) .
    [0274] Figs. 1, 2 and 6 show that the pusher adjustment device comprises a pusher spindle (71) aligned with the longitudinal direction (X) and rotatably supported on the chassis (1), on which said pusher structure (72) is mounted ) guided by said bars (71). When said pusher spindle (71) rotates, the whole pusher (60) advances or retracts longitudinally, so it is configured to regulate the distal end of the pusher (60) and said associated delivery position along said longitudinal direction (X) with respect to to a fixed part of the chassis (1).
    [0276] In the first embodiment of said machine (200), each centering bender (85) is supported on a main support (29) of the corner assemblies (21), and therefore indirectly supported on the chassis (1). The movable centering bender member (86) is operatively connected to an actuator (88), embodied in a fluid dynamic cylinder, so that it can pivot about a horizontal axis of rotation (87), between an essentially horizontal position of Fig. 7 , and an essentially upright position of Fig. 8.
    [0278] In a second embodiment of Figs. 9 and 10, said machine (200) comprises all the features and elements of the first embodiment except that in each centering bender (100) the movable centering bender member (96) is provided with a front portion (96a) and a rear portion ( 96b), wherein the front portion (96a) in its essentially horizontal position protrudes towards the cavity (22) in a more forward position a distance (M) with respect to the vertical portion of the second bender (35), as shown in Fig. 9. Also, in said machine (200), each centering bender member (96) is configured to pivot the front portion (96a) and the rear portion (96b) about its respective axis. of rotation (97) located between said front and rear portion (96a, 96b), from said essentially horizontal position of Fig. 9 to said essentially upright position of Fig. 10 by the thrust of the male (10) and the plate ( P) initially flat against the top of each front portion (96a) just prior to insertion of the core (10) into the cavity (22). Furthermore, each third centering bender (100) comprises an elastic element (98) integrated inside a body (99a) of a single-acting fluid-dynamic cylinder (99). Said elastic element (98) is a spring coaxially coupled to the rod (99b) of said cylinder. Said elastic element (73) is configured to pivot the centering bending member (96) around the axis of rotation (97) and thus center the plate between the core (10) and the mold (20).
    [0280] According to a third embodiment of Figs. 11 and 12, said machine (200) comprises all the characteristics and elements of the second embodiment except that, in each centering bender (95), the elastic element (98) is not integrated into a single-acting fluid-dynamic cylinder (99). Furthermore, said elastic element (98) is a spring with one end supported on the bender assembly (21) and another end connected to said centering bender member (96). Said elastic element (73) is configured to pivot the centering bending member (96) around the axis of rotation (97) and thus center the plate between the core (10) and the mold (20).
    [0282] According to a fourth embodiment of Figs. 13 and 14, said machine (200) comprises all the characteristics and elements of the third embodiment except that each centering bender (95) is supported on an auxiliary support (80) fixed on the lateral guides (40), and therefore, supported indirectly on the chassis (1). Furthermore, said elastic element (98) is a spring with one end structurally supported by the lateral guides (40) and another end connected to said centering bending member (96).
    [0284] According to a second aspect of the invention, the present invention presents a method for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material.
    [0286] According to a first embodiment, referring to Figs. 1 and 3, the method comprises the step a) of centering a plate (P) in a horizontal plane located below a core (10) and above a cavity (22) with a rectangular four-sided plan belonging to a mold (20) from a box forming station, said male (10) being insertable in said mold (20) in a vertically guided manner.
    [0288] Said stage a) comprises the stages:
    [0290] b) regulating the transverse separation distance of two lateral guides (40), which extend above the cavity (22) and are aligned according to a horizontal longitudinal direction (X) of transport, to center the plate (P) transversely according to a horizontal transverse direction (Y) perpendicular to said longitudinal direction (X) with respect to said lateral guides (40);
    [0292] c) horizontally transporting said plates one by one according to a longitudinal direction (X) from a receiving position to a delivery position in said forming station under said core (10) and over said cavity (22);
    [0294] d) regulating the delivery position of the conveyor along said longitudinal direction (X) with respect to a fixed part of the chassis (1), to longitudinally center the plate (P) on the lateral guides (40) under said male (10 ) and on said cavity (22); Y
    [0296] e) regulating the separation between pairs of bender sets (21) belonging to the mold (20) according to said longitudinal (X) and transverse (Y) directions to adapt said cavity (22) to the measurements of the base (PF) of the plate .
    [0298] In said method, Figs. 1 to 3 show that said step a) further comprises the steps of:
    [0300] f) pushing the plate (P) from its rear, corresponding to a side panel (PL), according to the transport direction to the delivery position by means of a pusher member (61) of the conveyor;
    [0302] g) limiting the position of said rear part of the plate (P) in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides (40) according to said longitudinal direction (X) by stopping the pusher member (61) during a section of the guided movement of the male (10) from a raised vertical position to an intermediate vertical position where it contacts the plate (P); Y
    [0303] h) limit the position of the front part of the plate (P), corresponding to a side panel (PL), in its delivery position with respect to the guides sides (40) according to said longitudinal direction by means of a front stop device (46).
    [0305] Said method further comprises step i) of centering the base (PF) of the plate (P) with respect to the male (10) and the mold (20) just before being inserted into the cavity (22) as shown in Figs. 1 to 4 and 8, through the stages of:
    [0307] j) pivoting four centering bender members (86, 96), about a respective horizontal axis of rotation (87), between an essentially horizontal position shown in Fig. 7, and an essentially upright position shown in Fig. 8, being located each centering bender member (86) below each of the four corner flaps (S) of the flat plate (P) to be formed located between the male (10) and the mold (20), and positioned in a position vertical raised with respect to the upper part of the bender assemblies (21), so that said horizontal rotation axes (87) are parallel to each other and pre-bend the plate (P) by four horizontal weakened lines (L1), mutually parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (X), to center the base (PF) according to said horizontal longitudinal direction (X) aligned with the axes of rotation (87); Y
    [0309] k) tilting two pressure members (8), facing on two opposite sides of a central core (12) of the male (10) and provided with respective lower ends (8a), around respective horizontal tilting axes (7) parallel between yes and perpendicular to the horizontal axes of rotation (87), said lower ends (8a) being configured to be positioned adjacent to two opposite fold lines of the base (PF) of the plate (P) during the pressure of the pressure members (8) on said plate (P), to center said base (PF) according to a horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotation axes (87), corresponding to the transverse direction (Y).
    [0311] Figs. 1 to 3 and 8 show that said method further comprises the steps of:
    [0312] l) limiting the elevation of said rear part of the flat plate (P) located between the core (10) and the mold (20) before the movement of the four centering bender members (86) by means of the pusher member (61);
    [0314] m) limiting the elevation of said front part of the plate (P), corresponding to a side panel (PL), before the movement of the four centering bender members (86, 96) by means of two front stop devices (46) provided with a upper member (49) each operatively above the front of the flat plate (P) located between the core (10) and the mold (20); Y
    [0316] n) positioning, in each of the front stop devices (46), an end piece (48) attached to an upper member (49) that remains operatively above the front part of the flat plate (P) located between the male (10) and the mold (20) in a desired position according to said transverse direction (Y) by means of a transverse adjustment device (50, 51).
    [0318] In this preferred method embodiment, the stop of the pusher member (61) in step g) is effected by immobilizing the pusher member (61) in the delivery position to limit oscillations on the plate (P) located between the male (10 ) and the mold (20).
    [0320] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Other embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art in light of this description. Consequently, the scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1.- Machine (200) for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material, comprising:
    a chassis (1);
    a conveyor supported on said chassis (1) configured to transport horizontally according to a longitudinal direction (X) said plates one by one from a receiving position to a delivery position in a box forming station, said conveyor comprising:
    • two lateral guides (40) aligned according to said horizontal longitudinal direction (X) of transport, and mutually separated by an adjustable transverse distance (D) according to a horizontal transverse direction (Y) perpendicular to said longitudinal direction (X);
    • a lateral guide regulation device connected to said lateral guides (40) to regulate said transverse distance (D) between them;
    • a pusher (60) aligned with the longitudinal direction (X) and provided with a proximal end and a distal end, with a pusher member (61) movable by means of a motive member (62) operatively connected to an encoder (63), being said pusher member (61) configured to longitudinally push the plates from its rear between said lateral guides (40) from said receiving position associated with said proximal end towards said delivery position associated with said distal end;
    • a pusher regulating device configured to regulate the position of the distal end of the pusher (60) and said associated delivery position along said longitudinal direction (X) with respect to a fixed part of the chassis (1);
    a box forming station supported on said chassis (1), comprising:
    • a plug actuator (2) operatively connected to move a plug (10) guided in the vertical direction,
    • a male (10) with a central core (12), four pressure members (9, 8) arranged around the central core (12) facing two by two, and each provided with a lower end (9a, 8a ) configured to press the base of the iron in use; and four corner members (11) each positioned in correspondence with four corners of a cavity (22) of a mold (20) to push four corner areas of the slab base;
    • a mold (20), located below the lateral guides (40), comprising:
    • four bender sets (21) facing each other in pairs, two on each side according to said longitudinal direction (X), and located in corresponding corners of the box to be formed, the separation between said pairs being adjustable according to said longitudinal (X) and transverse directions (Y); Y
    • a cavity (22) around which the bender assemblies (21) are located, delimiting in plan a rectangle with four sides complementary to the base of the box, where the male (10) is configured to insert the plate previously centered by the conveyor between the male (10) and the mold (20) according to the vertical and thus bend and join some portions of the plate with others to form a box;
    characterized because
    the pusher member (61) is configured to push the plate from its rear in the direction of transport to the delivery position;
    The pusher member (61) is configured to stop in its delivery position, during a portion of the guided movement of the male (10) from a raised vertical position to an intermediate vertical position where it contacts the plate, to limit the position of the rear part of the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides (40) according to said longitudinal direction (X);
    It comprises a front stop device (46) supported on the chassis (1) configured to limit the position of the front part of the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides (40) according to said longitudinal direction (X);
    It comprises four centering benders (85, 95, 100), configured to be one located below each of the four corner flaps of the flat plate located between the male (10) and the mold (20), supported on the chassis (1), and located according to the vertical below the male (10) and above the cavity (22), where each centering bender (85, 95, 100):
    It is provided with a movable centering bender member (86, 96) mounted so that it can pivot about a horizontal axis of rotation (87, 97) between an essentially horizontal position and an essentially upright position; Y
    each centering bender member (86, 96) in said horizontal position is positioned in a level or raised vertical position relative to the top of the bender assemblies (21);
    such that said four horizontal axes of rotation (87, 97) are parallel to each other and the four centering bender members (86, 96) can pivot to center the base of the plate with respect to the male (10) and the mold (20) according to said longitudinal (X) or transverse (Y) direction just before being inserted into the cavity (22);
    and because two of said pressure members (8) facing each other on two opposite sides of the central core (12) are tiltable around respective horizontal tilting axes (7), parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the rotation axes (87, 97 ) horizontal, said lower ends (8a) being configured to be positioned adjacent to two opposite fold lines of the base of the plate during the pressure of the pressure members (8) on said plate, and thus center the base of the plate with respect to to the core (10) and to the mold (20) according to said direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation (87, 97).
    [2]
    2. - Machine (100) according to claim 1, wherein the pusher member (61) in its delivery position is configured to limit the elevation of the rear part of the flat plate located between the male (10) and the mold ( 20) to the movement of the four centering bender members (86, 96).
    [3]
    3. - Machine (100) according to claim 2, wherein the front stop device (46) has an upper member (49) configured to be operatively above the front part of the flat plate located between the male (10) and the mold (20).
    [4]
    4. - Machine (100) according to claim 3, comprising two of said front stop devices (46), one on each side according to said longitudinal direction (X), wherein each front stop device (46) comprises a support piece (47) supported on the chassis (1), and an end piece (48) attached to the upper member (49) capable of being positioned with respect to the support piece (47) in a desired position according to said transverse direction (Y) by means of a device cross adjustment (50, 51).
    [5]
    5. - Machine (100) according to any of claims 2 to 4, further comprising lateral stops (52), one on each side according to said longitudinal direction (X), supported on the chassis (1), configured to be operatively above some lateral parts of the flat plate located between the male (10) and the mold (20), and thus limit the elevation of said sides of the plate before the movement of the four centering bender members (86, 96).
    [6]
    6. - Machine (100) according to claim 5, wherein said side stops (52) are fixed on the side guides (40) in a desired position along said longitudinal direction (X) by means of a longitudinal adjustment device ( 54, 55) that fixes and releases said side stops (52) with respect to their side guide (40), and said front stops (46) are fixed on the side guides (40) in a desired position along said longitudinal direction (X) by means of a second device longitudinal adjustment (56, 57) that fixes and releases said lateral stops (52) with respect to their lateral guide (40).
    [7]
    7. - Machine (100) according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein said drive (62) is a servomotor (64) equipped with an output shaft (65) in which said encoder (63) is coaxially coupled , and a reducer (66) coupled to said output shaft (65), the reducer (66) being operatively connected to an endless flexible transmission element (67) where a pusher member (61) is attached.
    [8]
    8. - Machine (100) according to claim 7, wherein magnets (68) are integrally attached to the output shaft (65) and a winding (69) arranged around the magnets (68) that form an integral part of the servomotor (64 ) immobilize the pusher member (61) at its stop in the delivery position to limit oscillations on the plate located between the core (10) and the mold (20).
    [9]
    9. - Machine (100) according to any of claims 2 to 8, wherein the pusher (60) comprises an endless flexible transmission element (67) where two pusher members (61) are joined separated by an operating distance to be able to each pushing one consecutive plate to another in two consecutive box-forming cycles.
    [10]
    10. - Machine (100) according to any of claims 2 to 9, wherein:
    The mold (20) has associated four corner benders (36), one associated with each of the four corners of the cavity (22), each corner bender (36) comprising a corner actuator (37) configured to rotate a rotation shaft (38) vertical or with an inclination with respect to the vertical, said rotation shaft (38) being configured to move a bending piece (39) between an initial position adjacent to a corner of the cavity (22) and a final position inside a corner of the cavity (22);
    In the male (10) each of the corner members (11) has a horizontal portion and a vertical portion and is supported on the central core (12), and each vertical portion is configured to be adjacent to the bending piece ( 39) in its final position inside a corner of the cavity (22) once the core (10) is inserted into the mold (20); and where
    said push pieces (39) and vertical portions cooperate with the plate previously centered with respect to the male (10) and the mold (20) to form prismatic-triangular corner reinforcements in the box from flat corner flaps inside the cavity (22), wherein each push piece (39) bends each initially flat flap around each vertical portion, hugging it, thus allowing said corner reinforcements to be squared with respect to the base and the side walls.
    [11]
    11. - Machine (100) according to any of claims 2 to 10, wherein:
    The lateral guide adjusting device comprises a front spindle (43) and a rear spindle (44), both with a portion of their length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, aligned according to the transverse direction (Y), and rotatably supported on the chassis (1), where the front spindle (43) joins the front part of a transport guide (40) with the other, and the rear spindle (44) joins the rear part of a transport guide ( 40) with the other; Y
    The mold (20) comprises a first pair of spindles (24), each one with a portion of its length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, mutually parallel that regulate the separation distance between pairs of bender sets (21) according to said longitudinal direction (X), and a second pair of spindles (27), each with a portion of its length threaded to the left and the other half threaded to the right, mutually parallel and perpendicular to the first pair of spindles (24) that regulate the separation distance between pairs of bender sets (21) according to said transverse direction (Y).
    [12]
    12. - Machine (100) according to any of claims 2 to 11, wherein the pusher (60) comprises:
    a pusher structure (72) supported on the chassis (1) and at the proximal end of which a first transverse shaft (75) is mounted,
    a movable structure (73) mounted in a guided manner with respect to the pusher structure (72) according to said longitudinal direction (X) and at the distal end of which a second transverse axis (74) is mounted,
    a flexible transmission element (67) operatively connected to said first and second transverse axes (74, 75) and where the pusher member (61) is attached,
    a spring (77) connecting said pusher structure (72) with said movable structure (73), and
    a detector (79) configured to detect the presence or absence of forces according to said longitudinal direction (X) with the variation in the length of said spring (77).
    [13]
    13.- Method for the formation of boxes of different sizes from flat sheets of laminar material, comprising the stages of
    a) centering a plate in a horizontal plane located below a core (10) and above a cavity (22) with a rectangular four-sided plan belonging to a mold (20) of a box-forming station, said male (10) insertable in said mold (20) guided vertically, comprising the steps of:
    b) regulating the transverse separation distance of two lateral guides (40), which extend above the cavity (22) and are aligned according to a horizontal longitudinal direction (X) of transport, to center the plate transversely according to a transverse direction (Y) horizontal perpendicular to said longitudinal direction (X) with respect to said lateral guides (40);
    c) horizontally transporting said plates one by one according to a longitudinal direction (X) from a receiving position to a delivery position in said forming station under said core (10) and over said cavity (22);
    d) regulating the delivery position of the conveyor along said longitudinal direction (X) with respect to a fixed part of the chassis (1), to longitudinally center the plate on the lateral guides (40) under said male (10) and on said cavity (22); Y
    e) regulating the spacing between pairs of bender assemblies (21) belonging to the mold (20) according to said longitudinal (X) and transverse (Y) directions to adapt said cavity (22) to the base of the plate;
    characterized in that step a) further comprises the steps of:
    f) pushing the plate from its rear according to the transport direction to the delivery position by means of a pusher member (61) of the conveyor;
    g) limiting the position of the rear part of the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides (40) according to said longitudinal direction (X) by stopping the pusher member (61) during a portion of the guided movement of the plug (10) from a raised vertical position to an intermediate vertical position where it contacts the plate; Y
    h) limiting the position of the front part of the plate in its delivery position with respect to the lateral guides (40) according to said longitudinal direction by means of a front stop device (46);
    and because it also comprises step i) of centering the base of the plate with respect to the male (10) and the mold (20) just before being introduced into the cavity (22), by means of the steps of:
    j) pivoting four centering bender members (86, 96), about a respective horizontal axis of rotation (87, 97), between an essentially horizontal position and an essentially upright position, each centering bender member (86, 96) being located by under each of the four corner flaps of the flat plate to be formed located between the core (10) and the mold (20), and positioned in a level or elevated vertical position with respect to the top of the bender assemblies (21 ), so that said horizontal rotation axes (87, 97) are parallel to each other and pre-bend the plate by four mutually parallel weakened lines to center the base according to said horizontal longitudinal (X) or transverse (Y) direction aligned with the axes of rotation (87, 97); Y
    k) tilting two pressure members (8), facing on two opposite sides of a central core (12) of the male (10) and provided with respective lower ends (8a), around respective horizontal tilting axes (7) parallel between yes and perpendicular to the horizontal axes of rotation (87, 97), said lower ends (8a) being configured to be positioned adjacent to two opposite fold lines of the base of the plate during the pressure of the pressure members (8) on said plate, to center said base according to a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation (87, 97).
    [14]
    14.- Method according to claim 13, further comprising the steps of
    l) limiting the elevation of the rear part of the flat plate located between the core (10) and the mold (20) before the movement of the four centering bender members (86, 96) by means of the pusher member (61);
    m) limiting the elevation of said front part of the plate before the movement of the four centering bender members (86, 96) by means of two front stop devices (46) provided with an upper member (49) each one that are operatively above the front part of the flat plate located between the male (10) and the mold (20); Y
    n) positioning, in each of the front stop devices (46), an end piece (48) attached to an upper member (49) that is operatively above the front part of the flat plate located between the male (10 ) and the mold (20) in a desired position according to said transverse direction (Y) by means of a transverse adjustment device (50, 51).
    [15]
    15.- Method according to any of claims 13 or 14, wherein the stop of the pusher member (61) of stage g) is carried out by immobilizing the pusher member (61) in the delivery position to limit oscillations on the plate located between the male (10) and the mold (20).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2834727B2|2021-12-30|
    ES2839554R1|2021-12-20|
    ES1262599U|2021-03-12|
    ES2839554A2|2021-07-05|
    PE20211924A1|2021-09-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2222774A1|2002-01-22|2005-02-01|Tecnobox Cooperativa Valenciana|System for feeding adjustable cardboard plate in plate forming machine, has guide that moves platform depending on load point, where load point is formed on drive pinion that is attached to drive sprocket|
    ES2370627A1|2010-01-14|2011-12-21|Boix Maquinaria S.L.|Conveyor device for flat cardboard sheets in cardboard-box forming machines|
    ES1073027U|2010-06-25|2010-10-20|Boix Maquinaria S.A.|Machine for assembling cardboard boxes|
    WO2014066015A1|2012-10-25|2014-05-01|International Paper Company|Apparatus and methods for folding paper boxes|
    ES1230441U|2019-05-07|2019-06-03|Telesforo Gonzalez Maqu Slu|ADJUSTABLE MACHINE FOR BOX FORMING MACHINE AND BOX FORMING MACHINE FROM ADJUSTABLE FLAT PLATES |
    ES1233484Y|2019-07-11|2019-11-04|Telesforo Gonzalez Maqu Slu|MALE FOR BOX FORMER MACHINE, AND SUCH MACHINE|
    法律状态:
    2021-06-15| GD2A| Contractual licences|Effective date: 20210615 |
    2021-06-18| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2834727 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20210618 |
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